Geospatial Agents, Agents Everywhere . . .   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Raja Sengupta  Renée Sieber 《Transactions in GIS》2007,11(4):483-506

The use of the related terms “agent‐based”, “multi‐agent”, “software agent” and “intelligent agent” have witnessed significant growth in the Geographic Information Science (GIScience) literature in the past decade. These terms usually refer to both artificial life agents that simulate human and animal behavior and software agents that support human‐computer interactions. In this article we first comprehensively review both types of agents. Then we argue that both these categories of agents borrow from Artificial Intelligence (AI) research, requiring them to share the characteristics of and be similar to AI agents. We also argue that geospatial agents form a distinct category of AI agents because they are explicit about geography and geographic data models. Our overall goal is to first capture the diversity of, and then define and categorize GIScience agent research into geospatial agents, thereby capturing the diversity of agent‐oriented architectures and applications that have been developed in the recent past to present a holistic review of geospatial agents.  相似文献   

基于小波网络MIMO非线性系统自适应鲁棒控制     

朱永红  姚杰  鲁昌龙 《华东地质学院学报》2007,30(1):85-91

针对一类具有未知对象和外部干扰输入的多输入多输出非线性系统提出了一种自适应鲁棒控制方案。该方案采用小波网络辨识未知非线性对象并使用高增益观测器估计不能直接测量的系统状态。理论分析证明了一定的假设条件下闭环系统半全局稳定,所设计控制器不仅可保证闭环系统的所有信号半全局一致有界,而且使得系统的输出渐近跟踪有界的期望轨迹到一小邻域。仿真结果也充分表明该方法的可行性和有效性。  相似文献   

Harnessing earth observation (EO) capabilities in hydrogeology: an Indian perspective     

S. Bandyopadhyay  S. K. Srivastava  Madan K. Jha  V. S. Hegde  V. Jayaraman 《Hydrogeology Journal》2007,15(1):155-158

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Antimony in hydrothermal processes: solubility, conditions of transfer, and metal-bearing capacity of solutions     

A.A. Obolensky  L.V. Gushchina  A.S. Borisenko  A.A. Borovikov  G.G. Pavlova 《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2007,48(12):992-1001

Based on data on the composition of ore-bearing hydrothermal solutions and parameters of ore-forming processes at various antimony and antimony-bearing deposits, which were obtained in studies of fluid inclusions in ore minerals, we investigated the behavior of Sb(III) in the system Sb–Cl–H₂S–H₂O describing the formation of these deposits.

We also performed thermodynamic modeling of native-antimony and stibnite dissolution in sulfide (m_HS⁻ = 0.0001−0.1) and chloride (m_Cl⁻ = 0.1−5) solutions and the joint dissolution of Sb_(s)⁰ and Sb₂S_3(s) in sulfide-chloride solution (m_HS⁻ = 0.01; m_Cl⁻ = 1) depending on Eh, pH, and temperature. All thermodynamic calculations were carried out using the Chiller computer program. Under the above conditions, stibnite precipitates in acid, weakly acid to neutral, and medium redox solutions, whereas native antimony precipitates before stibnite under more reducing conditions in neutral to alkaline solutions.

The metal-bearing capacity of hydrothermal solutions (200–250 °C) of different compositions and origins has been predicted. We have established that the highest capacity is specific for acid (pH = 2–3) high-chloride solutions poor in sulfide sulfur and alkaline (pH = 7–8) low-chloride low-sulfide solutions.  相似文献   

浅成热液成矿系统模型研究评述   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

张德会 《地球科学进展》1996,11(6):563-568

目前国内外矿床模型研究的一个明显发展势是研制成矿系统的地质成因模型，即建立具有一定的成因联系的不同矿种的矿系列成因模型。分析了近年来浅成热液矿床概念，分类、成模型式研究进展，评述了浅成热液矿床矿系统研究现状，并对我国此类矿床的研究提出建议。  相似文献   

High order symplectic integrators for perturbed Hamiltonian systems     

Jacques Laskar  Philippe Robutel 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》2001,80(1):39-62

A family of symplectic integrators adapted for the integration of perturbed Hamiltonian systems of the form H=A+B was given in (McLachlan, 1995). We give here a constructive proof that for all integer p, such integrator exists, with only positive steps, and with a remainder of order O(^p + ²²), where is the stepsize of the integrator. Moreover, we compute the analytical expressions of the leading terms of the remainders at all orders. We show also that for a large class of systems, a corrector step can be performed such that the remainder becomes O(^p +⁴²). The performances of these integrators are compared for the simple pendulum and the planetary three-body problem of Sun–Jupiter–Saturn.  相似文献   

The Apsidal Antialignment of the HD 82943 System     

Jianghui Ji  Hiroshi Kinoshita  Lin Liu  Guangyu Li  Hiroshi Nakai 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》2003,87(1-2):113-120

We perform numerical simulations to explore the dynamical evolution of the HD 82943 planetary system. By simulating diverse planetary configurations, we find two mechanisms of stabilizing the system: the 2:1 mean motion resonance (MMR) between the two planets can act as the first mechanism for all stable orbits. The second mechanism is a dynamical antialignment of the apsidal lines of the orbiting planets, which implies that the difference of the periastron longitudes ₃ librates about 180° in the simulations. We also use a semi-analytical model to explain the numerical results for the system under study.  相似文献   

Deep Natural Gas Resources     

Dyman  T. S.  Wyman  R. E.  Kuuskraa  V. A.  Lewan  M. D.  Cook  T. A. 《Natural Resources Research》2003,12(1):41-56

From a geological perspective, deep natural gas resources generally are defined as occurring in reservoirs below 15,000 feet, whereas ultradeep gas occurs below 25,000 feet. From an operational point of view, deep may be thought of in a relative sense based on the geologic and engineering knowledge of gas (and oil) resources in a particular area. Deep gas occurs in either conventionally trapped or unconventional (continuous-type) basin-center accumulations that are essentially large single fields having spatial dimensions often exceeding those of conventional fields.Exploration for deep conventional and continuous-type basin-center natural gas resources deserves special attention because these resources are widespread and occur in diverse geologic environments. In 1995, the U.S. Geological Survey estimated that 939 TCF of technically recoverable natural gas remained to be discovered or was part of reserve appreciation from known fields in the onshore areas and state waters of the United States. Of this USGS resource, nearly 114 trillion cubic feet (Tcf) of technically recoverable gas remains to be discovered from deep sedimentary basins. Worldwide estimates of deep gas also are high. The U.S. Geological Survey World Petroleum Assessment 2000 Project recently estimated a world undiscovered conventional gas resource outside the U.S. of 844 Tcf below 4.5 km (about 15,000 feet).Less is known about the origins of deep gas than about the origins of gas at shallower depths because fewer wells have been drilled into the deeper portions of many basins. Some of the many factors contributing to the origin and accumulation of deep gas include the initial concentration of organic matter, the thermal stability of methane, the role of minerals, water, and nonhydrocarbon gases in natural gas generation, porosity loss with increasing depth and thermal maturity, the kinetics of deep gas generation, thermal cracking of oil to gas, and source rock potential based on thermal maturity and kerogen type. Recent experimental simulations using laboratory pyrolysis methods have provided much information on the origins of deep gas.Technologic problems are among the greatest challenges to deep drilling. Problems associated with overcoming hostile drilling environments (e.g. high temperatures and pressures, and acid gases such as CO₂ and H₂S) for successful well completion, present the greatest obstacles to drilling, evaluating, and developing deep gas fields. Even though the overall success ratio for deep wells (producing below 15,000 feet) is about 25%, a lack of geological and geophysical information continues to be a major barrier to deep gas exploration.Results of recent finding-cost studies by depth interval for the onshore U.S. indicate that, on average, deep wells cost nearly 10 times more to drill than shallow wells, but well costs and gas recoveries differ widely among different gas plays in different basins.Based on an analysis of natural gas assessments, deep gas holds significant promise for future exploration and development. Both basin-center and conventional gas plays could contain significant deep undiscovered technically recoverable gas resources.  相似文献   

Correlation between microbiological and chemical parameters of some hydrothermal springs in New Mexico, USA     

Bart omiej Rzonca  Dirk Schulze-Makuch 《Journal of Hydrology》2003,280(1-4):272-284

Discharge areas of hydrothermal springs are known to be inhabited by diverse types of microorganisms including archaea, prokaryotes and eukaryotes. A total of 11 hydrothermal samples from the Rio Grande rift and the Valles caldera in New Mexico were analyzed to investigate the correlation between chemical and microbiological parameters of hydrothermal waters. The sampled fluids are categorized into three chemical groups: (I) steam-condensing acid sulfate waters, (II) deep geothermal and derivative waters and (III) thermal meteoric waters. Analyses of the microbial phospholipid fatty acids and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of DNA show that acid sulfate waters were populated by thermoacidophilic organisms and had high biomass content. Mineralized deep geothermal and derivative waters exhibited a high degree of microbial diversity, but had low biomass content. Thermal meteoric waters are low in total dissolved solids, and exhibit very low biomass content and microbial diversity. DNA sequences from several previously unknown microbial species were detected. The results of this study support the hypothesis that microbes can be used as tracers for specific types of subsurface environments.  相似文献   

中国侏罗纪构造变革与燕山运动新诠释   总被引：141，自引：16，他引：125  

董树文张岳桥  龙长兴杨振宇季强  王涛胡建民  陈宣华 《地质学报》2007,81(11):1449-1461

随着一系列新构造观察资料和高精度同位素测年数据的累积,加深了对发生在中国东部晚侏罗世—早白垩世时期构造变革事件的认识,对燕山运动的性质、时限和动力学内涵有了新的诠释。中—晚侏罗世初期(165±5Ma)东亚多板块拼贴运动学发生重大调整,构造体制发生重大转换,启动了以中朝地块为中心、来自北、东、南西不同板块向东亚大陆"多向汇聚"的构造新体制,形成以陆内俯冲和陆内造山为特征的东亚汇聚构造体系。同时大陆地壳岩石圈发生显著增厚,并紧随早白垩世以剧烈的大陆岩石圈伸展和火山—岩浆活动为特征的岩石圈巨量减薄和克拉通破坏,导致燕辽生物群灭绝和热河生物群兴盛的重大生物群更替,成为中国大陆和东亚重大构造变革事件,这是燕山运动的基本内涵。本文依据燕山运动构造变形型式、动力学背景以及产生的深部过程,将"燕山运动"定义为起始于165±5Ma的"东亚多向汇聚"构造体制及其形成的广泛陆内造山和构造变革,并将中国东部岩石圈巨量减薄视作燕山期陆内造山和陆内变形的后效。  相似文献